You can read engineering specs in regard to harmonics, balancing, ad nauseum, but generally speaking - three and fives are easier to balance and naturually smoother. Four cylinder engines are not - and just about always have a vibration problem when they get over a certain cubic inch size unless alternative/extra balancers are used. That's why Deere fours use twin balancing shafts (1020, 2020, 450 crawlers, etc.) or Deere big fours e.g. 3020 and 500 industrial use a balancing box added to the bottom of the engine. Deere threes and sixes don't need the extra balancing. Even with cars and smaller fours, many have used balancing shafts. Rememer Chrysler's "Silent Shaft Arrow?"
Threes and fives have been around for a long time - but from what I've read, not always very marketable in cars because they don't sound appealing in sales literature. Deere used the Perkins three cylinder diesel for years in Europe, and then finally built their own.
I'll add that for a few years, Deere tried to cheapen their smaller fours by leaving the two balancing shafts out - first doing it in the 210C backhoe/loader. They vibrated so bad the mufflers cracked.
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Today's Featured Article - Third Brush Generators - by Chris Pratt. While I love straightening sheet metal, cleaning, and painting old tractors, I use every excuse to avoid working on the on the electrics. I find the whole process sheer mystery. I have picked up and attempted to read every auto and farm electrics book with no improvement in the situation. They all seem to start with a chapter entitled "Theory of Electricity". After a few paragraphs I usually close the book and go back to banging out dents. A good friend and I were recently discussing our tractor electrical systems when he stated "I figure it all comes back to applying Ohms Law". At this point
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