More common than is known is when equipotential does not exist. First appreciate how electricity works. Lightning is a plasma path that does nothing until that path is constructed. Then an electric current in microseconds (too fast for any high speed camera) connects a cloud three miles up to earthborne charges (via earth) maybe four miles distant. Four legged animals are at risk. Since a shorter path through earth can be up hind legs and down fore legs. Milk production can be adversely affected.
To appreciate this, find papers from (if I remember correctly) Dr Mary Ann Coopper from U of Illinois.
Equipotential means that current in on a path that need not pass underneath a cow or anywhere inside a barn. For example, a buried copper wire surrounding a barn means no current passes through ground beneath that barn. IOW equipotential exists as current takes a better conductive path around the barn. Then a voltage difference does not exist between cow legs.
Faults in AC electricity can also create these currents that hurt animals. Another reason for making a better earth ground so as to create equipotential.
Best time to avert this problem was when footing were poured for that barn using an Ufer ground.
A high speed camera cannot record what happens during those microseconds that a current flows.
Wires or pipes also must connect to that single point ground before entering. Otherwise equipotential is compromised.
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Today's Featured Article - The Day Mom Drove the 8N - by Brian Browning. My Dad was wanting to put in a garden but couldn't operate the 8N and handle the old horse drawn plow he had found and rigged up to use with the tractor. Well, he decided to go get Mom out of the house and have her drive the tractor while he walked behind the plow. You got to understand that while my Mom is a hard worker who will always help whenever she can... she had never operated farm machinery before that day. Dad got her out there, explained how the clutch was the same as in our o
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