Typically, early in the design phase a "trade study" would be done. Companys have different names for it, but it is simply a comparison of the features for each type of engine relative to the application being considered. For example, a V type engine will be shorter than an inline engine with an equal number of cylinders. Therefore, the size of the engine compartment may favor one type over another. If a company has a factory tooled to produce V engines and no tooling for inline engine then the V type would be cheaper for them.
To your question: which is best for power, reliability and efficiency? These factors are not determined by engine configuration (V type or Inline) but by engine design; material selection, combustion chamber design, cam timing, port sizing, tubo, etc. In other words, given the same engine design the power, reliability and efficiency would be the same whether packaged in a V configuration or as an inline.
Note: The stroke does not determine engine torque! Torque is a function of cylinder pressure. Cylinder pressure is a function of the engine design: cam timing, port sizing, turbo sizing, etc.
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Today's Featured Article - Women and Tractors - More Views From the Farmer's Wife - by Teri Burkholder. The top ten reasons why the judges wouldn't let you participate in the stock antique tractor pull: Hey, this is stock! It came with that V8 in it! That "R" on my tires stands for "really old" not radial! Blue gas? We thought it was a pretty color! What wire hooked to my throttle?
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