The Stalingrad and Kharkov tractor plants came into operation in the early 1930s and enabled mechanization of the most power-consuming agricultural operations such as ploughing, sowing and harvesting. However, row crops (sugar beet, corn, potato, cotton, etc.) were still cultivated using horsepower because the first tractors could not be used for loosening, thinning or hilling. In 1933, the total area of row crops in USSR was 20 million hectares. Thus, cultivating tractors were necessary.
Such a tractor was designed at the Research Institute for Tractor Building in Moscow on the basis of the Farmall model (US). However, the new tractor was by no means a simple copy of the original model. The design was modified to meet Soviet production and service conditions.
The new tractor was called Universal. It had a 22 h.p. engine and its design was simple and reliable. From 1934 to 1940, the tractor was fabricated in Leningrad, and the second plant came into operation in Vladimir in 1944 where the fabrication continued until 1955. A total of 210,000 Universal tractors of various modifications were produced from 1934 to 1955.
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Today's Featured Article - The Niagra View Mobile - Powered by a 1959 Ford Tractor - by Mark Massey. In 1959 the Niagara Frontier Transit Inc. of Buffalo, New York designed and built six Viewmobiles for the Niagara Frontier Sightseeing Inc. for use as a sightseeing ride at the Niagara Falls State Park, Niagara Falls, New York, powered by a 1959 Ford 611 Tractor.
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