A the university I looked back into books I had when I was in mechanics school. Answer! We are learning: The drive spring is the only force driver involved in the link between the pinion and the armature shaft. It does get smaller in diameter as a result of taking shock loading of the pinion teeth in the ring gear. You are correct.
The weak spring assures that the pinion stays out of engagement when the cranking stops (due to either the engine overspeeding the pinion pushing it back on the spiral sleeve, or the starter motor shuts off with no starting of the engine. The sleeve is designed with either groove limits, or a stop (like yours)that force the pinion to turn with the sleeve when it reaches this limit. THe forces are contained to the sleeve.
There are several designs of this type of system, and applied to many different engines. I Learned also the new style has a shock absorber internal to it, and does not use the big spring. It is more reliable because of the reduces number of parts, and the more solid positioning of the drive pinion to the ring teeth.
If you purchase a used starter with good armature, and a new style drive, it should be magnificent. A 1970 motor service -Automotive Encyclopedia- provided the context in which it was made clear (along with your good photos.) Thanks for the enriching discussion. Jim
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