On the automatic advance. About 90 percent of them old distributors need attention in that department. Worn out weights, pins they pivot on, weak or broken springs or rusted parts. You need to put a timing light on to check the actual advance and retard. Like I said , it should be at tdc at low idle ideally and gradually advance with increasing engine speed. You need some reference marks on pulley to see what it is doing. On an M, 2 inches on pulley is equivelent to about 30 degrees. There fore, it should be in that vicinity at full throttle and be steady, not changing back and forth. And again, there are several different shafts in these distributors with different advance amounts. I's betting your's is probably advancing several degrees at low idle there fore causing rough idle. So many variations over the years in these old tractors, gas heads, kerosene heads etc, different domed or flat pistons and if you don't have the combination right you have problems. On my own M that I am ressurecting from the long dead, it had a 22 degree shaft which is for fire crater pistons, but it has flat head pistons so I modified the advance and will have to calibrate it when I get it running. I made marks on pulley to reference different degrees. To do so you take pulley diameter times 3.l4159, divide that by 360 and multiply that by the degrees you want to make your mark. This gives you a measurment in inches on circumference of pulley to make your mark. Never had math after 8th grade but as a mechanic you use it every day.
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