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Irrigation

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KEH

10-27-2006 14:25:16




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Question for you who irrigate in the dry country. Some years ago I read that farmers in the dry states who irrigated from streams had to tile the fields so that the irigation water would wash the salts out. As I understood it, the streams would pick up salt as they flowed across the land and continued use of that water would get the fields too salty to grow crops. The tile would take the water and salt out of the field and downstream.

Is this true of all the streams in the irrigated country?

Does irrigation water from wells have the same problem?

I'm in the South East and I don't irrigate.(well, it was a dry year and I irrigated the garden. I probably put as much water per stalk of corn as WyoDave did for his corn. Let me tell you, that watering out of a faucet is for the birds. Did have a garden though), Over in the flat coastal plain they will sometimes drill a well and use center pivot irrigation. Sometimes they will pump from a pond or a swamp. I can't see salt buildup there because rainfall over the winter would wash it out. I doubt if the wells will pull the water table down for long because of the winter rains.

KEH

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noncompos

10-27-2006 19:57:50




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  
Can't comment on tile, but can add a little history:
Water was mined around El Paso/Ysleta in the 50's, dropping the water table enough it became too salty. Growers moved up into So AZ, above Tucson, and proceeded to do exactly the same thing (free enterprise is a little like aspirin: just the right amount is curative, but overdosing can be dangerous or fatal). Left years ago, but believe water is very strictly-strictly-controlled there now.

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WyoDave

10-27-2006 18:51:01




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  
I've heard of salt build up from irrigation, but not in this area. We have good water, and good soil. The biggest problem lately has been lack of water from snowmelt. I don't have any irrigation wells, so my cost of irrigation is pretty low other than water taxes.
David



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MarkB_MI

10-27-2006 18:37:14




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  
I suggest you read "Cadillac Desert" by Mark Reisner. It's a very detailed history of how water has been exploited in the West, and talks quite a bit about salinity. It turns out that every great civilization that depended on irrigation eventually failed, usually due to increasing soil salinity. The only exception is Egypt, which until the construction of the Aswan Dam had annual floods to replenish its top soil.

The little amount of Colorado River water that flows across the border into Mexico is so salty it is nearly useless.

Not all irrigated land is affected the same by salinity. In some cases the salinity comes from the water, in other cases the soil itself is very salty.

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KEH

10-28-2006 16:50:16




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to MarkB_MI, 10-27-2006 18:37:14  
MarkB,

Thanks for book reference.

KEH



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Coloken

10-27-2006 16:11:12




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  
These other fellows pretty well covered the well water. The other water here is fron the South Platte river. If it wasn't for people and cows, you could drink it straight from the ditch. Rocky mountain snow water. We have a few low, swampy places with alkalie, but we mostly just leave them alone.



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KEH

10-27-2006 16:10:38




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  

Thanks for replies. Sounds like salt might be a California problem.

$8500 a month for pumping. Wow!

KEH



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Allan In NE

10-27-2006 15:20:49




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  
I think it has to do with the soil make-up where the water "can't get away" and stagnates. I know California has saline problems due to irrigation.

We've been irrigating here since 1949 with flood irrigation and pumping since 1954 with the wells.

Only problems are the pilgrims.

With the advent of the center pivot systems, everybody and his brother poked holes in the ground during the 70s thru the 90s and there is a well on almost every quarter section.

Water table is falling like a rock and the the state has now clamped a lid on the amount of water that can be mined. We are now only allowed to take 64" within any four year period.

Darned country will probably end up being all dryland again one day. :>(

Allan

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Allan In NE

10-27-2006 15:27:08




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to Allan In NE, 10-27-2006 15:20:49  
This is our "newest" well which was dug in 1961. Pumps from 174 feet with 50 horse. The old well was put down in 1954 and uses a 30 horse motor.

Allan

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in-too-deep

10-27-2006 16:02:43




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to Allan In NE, 10-27-2006 15:27:08  
50 Horse? Wow! The motors on wells around here are 1 to 5 hp. Don't think they'd be much deeper either. Why so big? For added flow?



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Allan In NE

10-27-2006 17:50:34




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to in-too-deep, 10-27-2006 16:02:43  
Heck,

That is small. Used to run 90 hp motors with the high pressure outfits.

Yes, wells are 8" in diameter and pump up to 1,000 gallon a minute (depending where we set the bowls).

Allan



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Howard H.

10-27-2006 15:05:34




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  

National Geographic had a big write-up on water worldwide a few years ago and called the Ogallala aquifer (from the Texas Panhandle on up through Nebraska) "the best water in the world".

We don"t have any salt problems at all.

Growing up drinking well water out here spoiled me - most big city water tastes like chlorinated pond water to me.

We pump from about 400 feet with 454 Chevy"s, 855 Cummins, and 800 Minneapolis Molines (for examples) anywhere from 200-2000 gallons per minute depending on how good the well is.

Back when natural gas was $3/mcf, a well might cost $1500 per month to operate. This year with higher gas prices, I know of a guy that paid $8500 for one month for one well. That well watered 1 125 acre circle of corn and 1 125 acre circle of cotton.

When I started out, I had some ditch irrigation, some aluminum pipe irrigation, and some sprinkler. Now sprinkler is really the only cost effective solution in 98% of the cases.

It is pretty arid out here (16-18 inches precip per year), so irrigation is the difference in a 20 bushel dryland wheat crop 3 years out of five versus 200 bushel corn every year (if you work at it).

Our water table is not replenishing near like other areas, though.

Howard

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Glen in TX

10-28-2006 07:43:58




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to Howard H., 10-27-2006 15:05:34  
Hi Howard how it's going there? The winds we had last few days could just about dry out anything a person could get pumped out on a field lol. You are right about the good water spoiling us for drinking water. Yep with our water table falling and rising energy prices irrigation is not a viable thing here anymore on small pumps where water has fell. I'm hearing other areas here lost more water this summer going to smaller pumps and those us of that done been there told them to quit irrigating or go broke soon. It's a losing battle they can't fight. I saw off caprock SE of panhandle last year where they irrigate hay and their good pump water table is dropping but the salt water there is rising and it grows nothing but salt cedars that just ruin the land for any other use. Saw where they had pumped salt water out on hay fields and the alfalfa looked terrible compared to hay around here. You could tell just driving by fields who was pumping good water and which was running salty water yet the salt water still grows weeds well lol. Need to find something in the salt cedars to cross into our good crops and it would work.

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Howard H.

10-29-2006 16:58:10




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to Glen in TX, 10-28-2006 07:43:58  
Hi Glen and John Alfred (and everyone else) -

Yep - still doing IT work at the university.

I saw an article the other day about using mesquite for making ethanol. It didn't sound like it was quite ready for prime-time, but if they could do that, seems like saltcedar ought to work, too!

Those would be two good cash crops for a lot of acres out here!

HH



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John A.

10-27-2006 22:09:24




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to Howard H., 10-27-2006 15:05:34  
Howard, How are things with you? I havent seen you here on the Boards in a while. Still teaching @ PSU?
Also picked up any good bargains or steals?
Im still down here in Cen-Texas. All is well with us here.
All,,,, I farmed with relatives in the Okie-Strip just 3 or 4 miles from Howards home place and attented the same church in town too. Yes,that water has spoiled me too! most other water doesn't taste nearly as good as that Water out of the Ogalla.
Later,
John A.

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nballen

10-27-2006 15:03:55




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 Re: Irrigation in reply to KEH, 10-27-2006 14:25:16  
Not that I'm aware of. The only place I've heard of using drain tile is where the ground is swampy, and you can't let the water out any other way.

We've got alkali soil most places around here, sometimes have alkali deposits that show up during deep tillage (creamy white "rocks").

I'm in and familiar with SW Idaho / E. Oregon.

Nathaniel



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