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Tractor Talk Discussion Forum

How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient?

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DanDHA

02-10-2006 10:04:25




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How does a diesel engine get up to 50% fuel efficiency? I understand that this is common on large marine engines, where as a standard diesel like we use is typically 35-40%.

I have recently worked out the fuel efficiency from published figures of a modern 120 HP `green tractor and despite comparatively good figures it was still only doing 36.5% at best, Yet in the UK this tractor range is heavily marketed as being very fuel efficient?

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cdmn

02-12-2006 19:23:00




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to DanDHA, 02-10-2006 10:04:25  
The British built a unique locomotive that had a diesel engine inside the steam boiler. It started on steam, but once it got rolling, they turned on the fuel and ran on diesel. The water jacket heat and exhaust piping was used to heat the boiler water, (besides the coal fire).



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jdemaris

02-10-2006 17:27:06




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to DanDHA, 02-10-2006 10:04:25  
I think there several issues that are relevant - first being real world experience versus theoretical. E.g. Another poster mentioned higher efficiency due to modern technology. Now, if that held true in the real world, new diesel pickup trucks would be more efficient than they were 20 years ago, and in many cases, they are not. My 82 1/2 Chevy 4WD diesel pickup gets up to 25 MPG. Try to buy a new equivalent truck that will do the same. Our 91 diesel Volkswagen and 81 diesel Chevette both get 50 MPG plus on the highway. What are the best new cars getting? If you want to see some good comparisons of tractor fuel efficiency, look at the Nebraska tests and the "gallons per horsepower hours" ratings. The most efficient tractor tested up to 1985 was a 1983 Yanmar turbo-diesel with the John Deere 1650 name-tag on it. The next most efficient was a 720, two-cylinder John Deere tested in 1956 - obviously old technology. As I understand it, some of the highest diesel fuel-efficiency ratings that have been achieved are in the locomotive industry - if rated by how much fuel does how much work. Even so, they waste much power into heat-sinks. Back in the 80s, Deere Co. G.M. and Ford were all experimenting with super-insulated, extremely hot-running ceramic engines. The idea was, that if the engines did not conduct heat to the outside air, and did not send it out the tail-pipe, then more energy would go towards doing work. I suppose it didn't work, haven't heard about it lately. As already stated, a steady RPM in the peak efficiency curve certainly helps. And with a diesel versus gas - well diesel weighs more per gallon and has more BTUs per volume - so it inherently provides more bang for buck if gas and diesel are in the same price range per gallon. Same reasoning goes to using grease/cooking oil since it weighs more then diesel fuel, and thus has even more BTUs per volume.

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buickanddeere

02-10-2006 21:01:54




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to jdemaris, 02-10-2006 17:27:06  
The ceramic engine worked pretty good under ideal condiitons. In the real world however they are subject to failure a conventional diesel can withstand. Some serious $$$ to build a ceramic diesel too. A "Rankin" gas turbine isn't the answer either even with "Brayton" boiler system to extract exhaust heat energy. It is complex and isn't any more efficient than that record setting marine diesel.

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Bob M

02-10-2006 16:02:25




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to DanDHA, 02-10-2006 10:04:25  
The very largest diesels (tens of thousands of horsepower) can approach 50% thermal efficiency. They do this by several methods:
- Using few, but enormously large cylinders to minimize combustion chamber surface area relative to displacement (to minimize heat loss)
- Operating at constant RPM and load so engine variables such as valving, compression, fuel injection, boost pressure, etc can be optimized for fuel efficiency.
- Precisely controlling inlet air, lube oil and coolant temperatures.
- Using low friction lubricants optimized for use at a single temperature
- Few starts and stops (these engines are typically started and then run at rated load continuously for days)

Obviously these techniques cannot be applied to the small (relatively) displacement, variable speed, variable load automotive diesel engine. For these efficiencies in the low-mid 30 percent range are the best that can be expected – and in actual "real world" use may only be half of that.

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RAB

02-10-2006 14:30:57




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to DanDHA, 02-10-2006 10:04:25  
"up to 50% fuel efficiency"
Means it is less than 50% in all probability.
Size, constant running speed are the most important.
Less surface area to lose heat, slow constant speed to allow optimum design for those specific parameters.
If you want your engine to have a wide power band, high specific power output, fast response to throttle etc, it will cost you something. That something is efficiency. RAB

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Jerry/MT

02-10-2006 14:22:36




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to DanDHA, 02-10-2006 10:04:25  
I don't think they are 50% thermally efficient, but they are about 10-12% more efficient than a spark ignition engine. It's mainly due to the higher compression ratio and the higher cycle temperature. I suppose if you have an application where they run at constant power continuously(like a diesel generator at constant load) you can design them for maximum thermal efficiency and get them a bit better but I'm not certain that 50% is the right number.

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B-maniac

02-10-2006 13:51:26




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 Re: How does a Diesel become 50% fuel efficient? in reply to DanDHA, 02-10-2006 10:04:25  
Variable duration valve timing,computerized injection as apposed to mechanical,computer generated combustion chamber designs,high tech fuel blends,low friction metal alloy parts and hi-tech lubricants. I'msure there are many I have missed.



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