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Ford 9N, 2N & 8N Discussion Forum
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Cut-out Relay on a 12V system

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Bill(NC)

02-15-2008 10:47:10




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My '51 8N starts and runs well, unless the battery is dead. But, if I don't run it in about a month, the battery will be dead. I am using an ignition switch with an ACC position. This is tied directly to the excitation term of the alternator; there is no resistor or diode required. I have determined that the alternator has about 4K Ohms at the output. This is always tied to the battery. The alternator charges fine, and I think it is OK. Do you think the 4K is typical? I am considering putting a cut-out relay in line with the alternator output; and tying the coil to the ACC out of the Ignition switch. What do you think?

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Dunk

02-15-2008 17:41:12




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 Re: Dell... in reply to WI Dave, 02-15-2008 10:47:10  

Hobo,NC said: (quoted from post at 22:23:36 02/15/08) Makes sense 2 me,,, thanks for the great explanation

I have NEVER seen an OEM Delco 10SI alternator circuit the does NOT include an "idiot light" a resistor, or a diode.

Me neither,,, I recon as simple as they are I see no need to fudge up a user friendly set up

While we on the alt subject whats the difference tween a 10SI and a 12SI,,, I just built a 10 and a 12 painted them red just for spares,,, i know the stator is different,,, ben awhile since i had to fudge with a 12si,,, had it laying around so it got built also,,, both had bad rectifiers,,, both got the correct rectifier


UUUUU MMMMM, UUUUUMMMM...

2?

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Dunk

02-15-2008 16:00:28




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 Re: Bill... in reply to Bill(NC), 02-15-2008 10:47:10  
I do believe that Bob can answer that...

Folks here don't think much of my 1 wire, Chevy, 6v, posi ground, alternator, that I had special built...

Cause you may have to rev it up after you fire it up.

To me 20+ years without one problem from my charging system (except for a new battery about every 5 or 6 years), it worth a rev now and then.



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Gene-AL

02-15-2008 12:21:46




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 Re: Cut-out Relay on a 12V system in reply to Bill(NC), 02-15-2008 10:47:10  
Bill, Is it possible that you might have the wires to #1 & #2 terminals on the alternator reversed?



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Bob

02-15-2008 12:19:59




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 Bill... in reply to Bill(NC), 02-15-2008 10:47:10  
You posted "This is tied directly to the excitation term of the alternator; there is no resistor or diode required".

You may THINK that's the way things are, but many of us in the alternator repair business would disagree with you. Of course, guys like you are GOOD for our business, so I don't know why I am wasting my time esplaining this AGAIN...

Making a direct connection from the ignition switch, even the "ACC" terminal, to the #1 "switched excite terminal WITHOUT the use of a diode, resistor or "idiot lamp" will most likely, sooner or later, cause the alternator's internal voltage regulator or diode trio to fail.


GUESS WHAT THE SYMPTOMS ARE when the voltage regulator or diode trio fail...

1.) NO charge.
2.) Battery is drained during periods of non-use. Sound familiar?

Get your alternator repaired or replaced, then install one of the three current limiting/or anti-backfeed devives in the lead to the #1 terminal. Your alternator will "love" you for having done this!

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Bill(NC)

02-15-2008 15:53:43




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 Re: Bill... in reply to Bob, 02-15-2008 12:19:59  
It is difficult to argue with experience, but I don't understand what is happening to cause this. Perhaps you can tell me why this causes this kind of failure.

By The Way, I have not heard this before...I plead ignorance!



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Bob

02-15-2008 16:15:10




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 Re: Bill... in reply to Bill(NC), 02-15-2008 15:53:43  
There's TWO ways for the current generated in the stator to get to the battery... the INTENDED way, through the LARGE diodes in the rectifier, and out the large output stud at the back of the alternator, AND the unintended way... through the SMALL diodes in the diode trio, though the voltage regulator, and out the #1 "excite" terminal. If there's ANY resistance (or a "fault") in the intended charging path, the current will use the OTHER path and "let the smoke OUT" of the diode trio and/or the voltage regulator.

The use of an "idiot lamp", a diode, or a resistor prevents this by preventing the backfeeding of current, or limiting it to a safe level.

Third Party Image

Third Party Image

The "defect in charging circuit" shown in the second diagram could be a broken wire, or even some resistance or corroision at the terminals at the alternator, junction block, or ammeter.

At startup, with the alternator charging heavily, it dosent take MUCH resistance in the charging circuit to cause enough voltage drop to get current flowing in the unintended chargin path, out the #1 terminal.

While repairing alternators, I have found several instances of this happening, over the years, causing REPEAT alternator failures. In each instance, I had to make a service call, or have the machine brough to the shop to see what was REALLY "killing" the alternators, which NORMALLY are VERY reliable.

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Bill(NC)

02-15-2008 19:07:49




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 Re: Bill... in reply to Bob, 02-15-2008 16:15:10  
Bob,
Thanks for great information!!



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Dell (WA)

02-15-2008 11:57:21




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 Re: Cut-out Relay on a 12V system in reply to Bill(NC), 02-15-2008 10:47:10  
Bill..... ..yer problem is the solid state internal guttz. Take yer alternator into an autoparts store for "free" checkout. You just think yer alternator is charging just fine.

Yer problem AIN'T yer 3-terminal ignition switch ACC for the excite line. I think it is even better than using a blocking diode or idiot-lite scheme..... ..Dell, a 12-volt advocate for the right reasons and is one of 8-ways than I know how to convert to 12-volts that work

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Bob

02-15-2008 12:29:13




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 Dell... in reply to Dell (WA), 02-15-2008 11:57:21  
Dell, you posted "I think it is even better than using a blocking diode or idiot-lite scheme..... .."

You must KNOW that's NOT true, and the use of a diode, a resistor or a lamp is a GOOD thing to do, for long, trouble-free alternator life.

You have SEEN the schematics showing WHY this is true.

If there is ANY voltage drop, or a fault in the charging circuit, the charge current will backfeed out of the alternator's #1 terminal, and attempt to charge the battery through the "ACC" terminal, putting a load on the diode trio and voltage regulator for which they were NOT designed.

I have NEVER seen an OEM Delco 10SI alternator circuit the does NOT include an "idiot light" a resistor, or a diode.

Thnik about it... in their original applications, these alternators COMMONLY went 100,000 or MANY more miles WITHOUT problems, yet so many of these "cobbled up" systems routinely FAIL, (rather than "routinely WORK").

IMHO, the failure to use one of the aformentioned three devices in the "excite wire" is probably the MOST COMMON reaon for them to fail.

Of course, WHAT DO I KNOW... I've just repaired them on a daily basis for 30+ years!

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Hobo,NC

02-15-2008 17:23:36




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 Re: Dell... in reply to Bob, 02-15-2008 12:29:13  
Makes sense 2 me,,, thanks for the great explanation

I have NEVER seen an OEM Delco 10SI alternator circuit the does NOT include an "idiot light" a resistor, or a diode.

Me neither,,, I recon as simple as they are I see no need to fudge up a user friendly set up

While we on the alt subject whats the difference tween a 10SI and a 12SI,,, I just built a 10 and a 12 painted them red just for spares,,, i know the stator is different,,, ben awhile since i had to fudge with a 12si,,, had it laying around so it got built also,,, both had bad rectifiers,,, both got the correct rectifier

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Bob

02-15-2008 17:56:43




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 12SI in reply to Hobo,NC, 02-15-2008 17:23:36  
12SI has the "heavier-duty", HINGED brushholders.



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JMOR

02-15-2008 11:15:37




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 Re: Cut-out Relay on a 12V system in reply to 8n-charley, 02-15-2008 10:47:10  

Bill(NC) said: (quoted from post at 14:47:10 02/15/08) My '51 8N starts and runs well, unless the battery is dead. But, if I don't run it in about a month, the battery will be dead. I am using an ignition switch with an ACC position. This is tied directly to the excitation term of the alternator; there is no resistor or diode required. I have determined that the alternator has about 4K Ohms at the output. This is always tied to the battery. The alternator charges fine, and I think it is OK. Do you think the 4K is typical? I am considering putting a cut-out relay in line with the alternator output; and tying the coil to the ACC out of the Ignition switch. What do you think?


I typically find that the internal regulator results in a drain via the ALT OUTPUT terminal of 0.000750amp, which equates to about 16K ohms vs your 4K, but even at the drain resulting from 4Kohms, it ought to take 2 or 3 YEARS to drain a good battery. I would search for some other drain or suspect the battery.
Pull off one of the battery cable, insert an ammeter and measure that drain.

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duey

02-15-2008 10:58:14




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 Re: Cut-out Relay on a 12V system in reply to Bill(NC), 02-15-2008 10:47:10  
Manyu of us get along just fine with a diode in the excite line to the alternator... I suppose you can add relays if you"re satisfied that is the best answer. Some fellows have only a momentary push-button to get the alternator on-line....

I have had ZERO trouble with the diode, but that"s just mine... duey



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Bob

02-15-2008 18:00:19




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 duey... in reply to duey, 02-15-2008 10:58:14  
Duey, I have to agree with you... there should be almost NO alternator problems when set up right, they should operate trouble-free for THOUSANDS of hours.

However, I think some folks LIKE having problems, 'cause they sure won't listen when a guy tries to tell them how to set their system up NOT to have problems!

Then there's the guys who will aregue when told NOT to pull a battery cable of while the engine is running!

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old-9

02-15-2008 16:41:35




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 Re: Cut-out Relay on a 12V system in reply to duey, 02-15-2008 10:58:14  
If you are not using the tractor for a month at a time ,, remove the ground battery cable when you park it, untill you have solved your present current drain. Then for safety remove it anyway.
All the above advice is good and you do need to find the problem,but removing the ground battery cable will not hurt anything.



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