Wondering about diesel engines

I've got three JD tractors with the same engine (basically). An 8430, a 4440, and a 7800. The 8430 is obviously turned up in comparison, but the other two put out about the same horse power. What makes for an easy cold starting diesel engine? I know compression, but there has to be more. The 8430 has always needed to be plugged in if it is below 40 or forget it. The 4440 isn't quite that bad, but I wouldn't try it below 25 degrees. The 7800 will start no problem well below freezing. If I remember right, the book says you don't have to be concerned unless it is near zero. I plug it in anyway, but have needed it in a pinch and it fires right up.

The two older are mechanical pumps and the new one is gizmos galore. The 7800 has roughly 8000 hours and the 4440 has about 9000 hours - both on original engines. The 8430 has about 1500 hours on an out of frame rebuild. Is it the efficiency of the pump that makes the newer one easier to start? I would consider them all in top shape but have always wondered why that 8430 is so hateful when it is cold.

The newer tractor has higher engine compression and also runs higher fuel injection pressures. This make it start better.

The 30 series always where a pig to start in cold weather. JD tried to do too much of the compression with the turbo on those motors. So at starter speed they did not have enough compression to make the piston fire very well. Then add in cold block and piston just made it worst.

We had a neighbor that retired from JD as an engineer for JD engines. The company called him back to work in the early 90's to "fix" their lousy injection pumps and then wouldn't let him do what he said needed to be done. He was really mad at the company for doing nothing to really improve the injection pumps.

They tried to call him back to work again late but he refused to go.

Check the cranking rpms. The 7800 will be whirled over faster than the other two .
It's a safe bet if the 8430 and 4440 were equipped with hydraulic pump destrokers. 5Kw Denso gear reduction starters and had the batteries grounded to a starter mounting bolt. You would not believe they were the same tractors.

got a 255 mf with 236 motor it had a low torque lucas starter on it,it always was tough to start cold I'm only talking about in the lower 20s most of the time about as cold as it gets around here,after a couple repairs to the lucas I got the rebuilder to get me a delco for a 175 mf,the difference was like day and night son ask me why I hadn't done it sooner, main thing it would spin the engine faster cold,sold a neighbor a 2640 after about a year he was having starting problems even with new batteries and cables I told him the starter was dragging and needed repairing, he let someone talk him into putting one of those snuff can size high torque starters on it, it never has cranked good since because of the starter gear reduction, it will turn the engine but not fast enough,it always started good for me unless the hyd pump loaded up and slowed the cranking speed, a turn or two of the steering wheel would solve that, but it's a waste of breath trying to tell them any different though

(quoted from post at 21:23:03 02/18/15) got a 255 mf with 236 motor it had a low torque lucas starter on it,it always was tough to start cold I'm only talking about in the lower 20s most of the time about as cold as it gets around here,after a couple repairs to the lucas I got the rebuilder to get me a delco for a 175 mf,the difference was like day and night son ask me why I hadn't done it sooner, main thing it would spin the engine faster cold,sold a neighbor a 2640 after about a year he was having starting problems even with new batteries and cables I told him the starter was dragging and needed repairing, he let someone talk him into putting one of those snuff can size high torque starters on it, it never has cranked good since because of the starter gear reduction, it will turn the engine but not fast enough,it always started good for me unless the hyd pump loaded up and slowed the cranking speed, a turn or two of the steering wheel would solve that, but it's a waste of breath trying to tell them any different though

Click to expand...

There is a Bosch 4Kw starter for those 2640's but the price is a fright. Won't fit if loader side frames are used.
The Delco 29MT doesn't have enough power but IIRC a Delco MT38 will bolt on there ?
It's easier finding a high powered starter for a Waterloo Deere than a Dubuque Deere.
This is a 4KW Denso that fits on 4 and 6 cylinder Dubuque engines. Used on engine 6359D 12Volt 4.0Kw AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397 .
Here is a list of Deere engine and starter applications. There is a 12Volt 5Kw that will bolt onto a Waterloo.
Img Year Model Eng Volt KW Man PN OEM PN New PN Reman PN
3014 3TN84 12 1.2 TY25233 228000-0251 9722809-025
3015 3TN84 12 1.2 TY25233 228000-0251 9722809-025
350 Series Eng., Loader 450 24 7.5 RE504245 228000-9151
4019 3TN84 12 1.2 TY25233 228000-0251 9722809-025
6.8L PowerTech Plus Engine 12 4.0 RE65817 228000-9020
6090 PowerTech 9.0L 12 5.0 RE520634 428000-3320
7505 Tractor 12 4.0 RE70473 228000-6541
7715, 7815 Tractors 350 12 4.0 RE501294 228000-7873 9722809-787
8130, 8230, 8330, 8430 & 8530 Tractors PowerTech Plus 9.0L 12 5.0 RE528619 428000-4080
9230 Tractors PowerTech Plus 9.0L 12 5.0 RE528619 428000-4080
9640WTS, 9660WTS, 9680WTS, 9640i WTS, 9660i WTS & 9680i WTS Combines PowerTech 12 5.0 RE520634 428000-3320
C670 Combine 12 5.0 RE520634 428000-3320
Combine 9650STS, 9750STS 12 4.0 RE69704 228000-6532
Combine 9660STS, 9760STS 12 4.0 RE69704 228000-6532
Engine 4039, 4045 12 2.7 RE68470 228000-6471
Engine 6359A 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
Engine 6359D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
Engine 6359T 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
Engine PowerTech 4.5L 12 2.7 RE68470 228000-6471
Engine PowerTech 8.1L AG 12 4.0 RE69704 228000-6532
Engines 6329 w/ Eng. Code 3001 12 2.5 028000-8402 9702809-840
Engines 6466 w/ Eng. Code 3004 w/ Safety Cap On 12 4.0 RE59589 228000-4601
Engines 6531 w/ Eng. Code 3004 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
Engines 6619 w/ Eng. Code 3005 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
Engines (Saran) 4239 w/ Eng. Code 3001 12 2.5 028000-8402 9702809-840
Excavators 790, 792 24 7.5 RE44515 128000-7172
Feller Buncher 693C 24 7.5 RE44515 128000-7172
Loader 350 350 12 4.0 RE501294 228000-7873 9722809-787
Motor Graders 770A, 772A 24 7.5 RE44515 128000-7172
Mowers & Tractors Kohler F653, F655, F665, F680, F687 12 0.6 AM124993, AM131296 228000-2640 9722809-264
Natural Gas Bus 6068 12 4.0 RE65817 228000-9020
Sugar Cane Harvester 3510 12 4.0 RE69704 228000-6532
T660 & T670 Combines PowerTech 12 5.0 RE520634 428000-3320
Tier 1 Non-Tractor AG Apps 6081 12 4.0 RE69704 228000-6532
Tractors 4510, 4610, 4710 12 2.0 AM879743, TY25234 228000-7111 9722809-711
Wheel Loaders 824J / 6125H 24 8.0 RE522852 428000-0131
1966-1970 Tractors JD700A 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1966-1972 Tractors 5020 w/ 6-531 Diesel Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1969-1976 Scrapers JD760A 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1972-1977 Tractors 6030 w/ 6-531 Diesel Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1975 4219 12 2.5 AR70611 028000-3930
1975 4276 12 2.5 AR70611 028000-3930
1975-1978 Motor Graders JD670 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1975-1978 Tractors 8630 w/ 6-619 Diesel Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1975-1981 Compactors JD646B 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1975-1985 Skidders 640 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1976-1978 Forage Harvesters 5200 w/ 6-531 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1976-1978 Forage Harvesters 5400 w/ 6-531 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1976-1981 Crawler Bulldozers 750 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1976-1981 Crawler Loaders 755 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1976-1981 Skidders 440C 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1976-1981 Skidders 540B 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1977-1981 Forage Harvesters 5440 w/ 6-619 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1977-1981 Forage Harvesters 5460 w/ 6-619 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1978 1050 3T90J 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 1050 3T90TJ 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 1250 3T90J 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 1250 3T90TJ 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 1450 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 1650 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 950 3T90J 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978 950 3T90TJ 12 2.5 CH12096 028000-5662
1978-1981 Motor Graders 670A 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1978-1981 Motor Graders 772A w/ D25736466 Eng. 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1978-1983 750 3T80J 12 1.4 CH12741 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 750 3T80J 12 1.4 S-114-116 (Hitachi) 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 750 3T80UJ 12 1.4 CH12741 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 750 3T80UJ 12 1.4 S-114-116 (Hitachi) 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 850 3T80J 12 1.4 CH12741 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 850 3T80J 12 1.4 S-114-116 (Hitachi) 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 850 3T80UJ 12 1.4 CH12741 028000-5730 9712809-071
1978-1983 850 3T80UJ 12 1.4 S-114-116 (Hitachi) 028000-5730 9712809-071
1979-1982 Tractors 8440 w/ 6-619 Diesel Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1979-1982 Tractors 8450 w/ 6-619 Diesel Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1979-1982 Tractors 8640 w/ 6-619 Diesel Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1980-1981 Scrapers 762A 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1981 Crawler Loaders 655 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-1984 Crawler Loaders 755A 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-1986 Crawler Loaders 655B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-1986 Forage Harvesters 5720 w/ 6-619 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1982-1986 Forage Harvesters 5830 w/ 6-466 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1982-1990 Crawler Bulldozers 750B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-1990 Crawler Bulldozers 850B w/ 6-619 Diesel Eng. 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 570B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 670B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 670B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 672B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 770B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 770BH 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 772B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Motor Graders 772BH 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1982-Up Scrapers 762B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1983 750 3T80J 12 1.4 121120-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0710 9712809-071
1983 750 3T80UJ 12 1.4 121120-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0710 9712809-071
1983 850 3T80J 12 1.4 121120-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0710 9712809-071
1983 850 3T80UJ 12 1.4 121120-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0710 9712809-071
1983-1986 Backhoe Loaders 415B 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1983-1986 Backhoe Loaders 510B 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1983-1986 Backhoe Loaders 515B 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1983-1986 Backhoe Loaders 610B 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1983-1988 Tractors 4050 w/ 6-359 Diesel Eng. 12 4.0 RE23900 128000-3690 9712800-369
1983-1988 Tractors 4250 w/ 6-359 Diesel Eng. 12 4.0 RE23900 128000-3690 9712800-369
1983-1988 Tractors 4450 w/ 6-359 Diesel Eng. 12 4.0 RE23900 128000-3690 9712800-369
1983-1989 Backhoe Loaders 710B 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1984 4239T 24 7.5 RE15718 128000-0480 9712800-048
1984 6414 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984 6414 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984 6414 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984 6466 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984 6466 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984 6466 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984 6531T 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1984 6619T 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1984 1250 Tractors 3T90 12 2.5 121420-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0793 9712809-079
1984 1250 Tractors 3T90 12 2.5 CH19285 128000-0793 9712809-079
1984 1650 Tractors 3T90 12 2.5 121420-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0793 9712809-079
1984 1650 Tractors 3T90 12 2.5 121420-77011 (Yanmar) 128000-0793 9712809-079
1984 1650 Tractors 3T90 12 2.5 CH19285 128000-0793 9712809-079
1984 1650 Tractors 3T90 12 2.5 CH19285 128000-0793 9712809-079
1984 4020 6329 12 4.0 RE13722 028000-3292 9702800-329
1984 4020 6404 12 4.0 RE13722 028000-3292 9702800-329
1984 4020 6410 12 4.0 RE13722 028000-3292 9702800-329
1984 4020 6466 12 4.0 RE13722 028000-3292 9702800-329
1984 Four Wheel Loader 6404 12 4.0 RE13722 028000-3292 9702800-329
1984-85 Skidders 448D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1984-86 Crawler 850 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1984-86 Crawler 855 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1984-86 Excavators 890A 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1984-86 Grader 772 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1984-86 Industrial Tractor 770A 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1984-86 Scrapers 862 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1984-92 Excavators 690C 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984-92 Excavators 690DR 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984-92 Excavators 892DLC 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1984-92 Skidders 440D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985 4276 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985 4276 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985 6414D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985 FB460V 12 0.7 21163-2070 128000-2890
1985 FB460V 12 0.7 21163-2070 128000-6550
1985 FC540V 12 0.8 21163-2069 128000-2810
1985-1990 Crawler Loaders 755B 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1985-1992 Skidders 540D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985-1992 Skidders 548D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985-1992 Skidders 640D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1985-1992 Skidders 648D 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1986 4239 12 4.0 RE23900 128000-3690 9712800-369
1986 6359T 12 4.0 RE23900 128000-3690 9712800-369
1986 2550 4219 12 2.5 RE19275 028000-8400 9702809-840
1986 2550 4219 12 2.5 RE51447 028000-8401 9702809-840
1986 2550 4219 12 2.5 RE54092 028000-8404 9702809-840
1986 2550 4239 12 2.5 RE19275 028000-8400 9702809-840
1986 2550 4239 12 2.5 RE51447 028000-8401 9702809-840
1986 2550 4239 12 2.5 RE54092 028000-8404 9702809-840
1986-1987 Excavators 790 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1986-1988 Excavators 792 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1986-1989 855 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 855 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 862B 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 862B 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 770B 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 770B (6466 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 772B (6466 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 772B (6466 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 790D (6466 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 790D (6466 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 850B (6619 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 850B (6619 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 890A (6619 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1989 Industrial Tractor 890A (6619 Eng.) 24 8.0 1990357 LAY42800-0060
1986-1992 Forage Harvesters 5730 w/ 6-466 Eng. w/ safety cap 12 4.0 228000-4601
1986-1992 Forage Harvesters 5730 w/ 6-619 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1986-1992 Forage Harvesters 5830 w/ 6-466 Eng. w/ safety cap 12 4.0 228000-4601
1986-1992 Forage Harvesters 5830 w/ 6-619 Eng. 12 5.0 AR46886 028000-3811 9702800-381
1987-1989 Backhoe Loaders 610C 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1987-1989 Feller Bunchers 693C 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1987-1989 Marine Engines 6076AFM 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1987-1992 Backhoe Loaders 410C 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1987-1992 Backhoe Loaders 510C 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1987-Up Cotton Harvesters 9930 w/ 6-359 Diesel Eng. 12 2.5 028000-8403 9702809-840
1988-1992 Excavators 790D 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1988-1994 Feller Bunchers 793D 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1988-1995 Feller Bunchers 493D w/ 4045 Diesel Eng. 24 7.5 RE15718 128000-0480 9712800-048
1988-1995 Feller Bunchers 693D w/ 6068 Diesel Eng. 24 7.5 RE15663 028000-5251 9702800-525
1988-1995 Loaders 444E 12 4.0 028000-3971 9702800-397
1989 All Applications 6076 12 4.0 RE38336 128000-5973 9712800-597
1989 Horizon Riding Mower Kohler A12 12 0.6 128000-7480 9712809-748
1989-1991 Tractors 4955 w/ 6-466 Diesel Eng. 12 4.0 RE59589 228000-4601
1989-1992 Combines 9400 w/ 6-539 Eng. 12 4.0 RE23900 128000-3690 9712800-369
1989-1993 Backhoe Loaders 710C 12 4.0 AR63341 028000-3971 9702800-397
1990 All Applications 6076 12 4.0 RE43266 128000-5973 9712800-597
1990 All Applications 6076 12 4.0 RE54416 128000-5973 9712800-597
1991 4039 (300 Series) 12 2.5 228000-0844
1991 All Applications 6076 24 7.5 RE38369 128000-7172
1991 All Applications 6076 24 7.5 RE44515 128000-7172
1991 Engines 4239 24 4.5 RE40595 128000-8304
1992 6076 12 4.0 RE39832 128000-7231
1992 Engines 4039 12 2.5 RE59595 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 4045 12 2.5 RE59595 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 4219 12 2.5 RE40092 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 4219 12 2.5 RE54090 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 4219 12 2.5 RE59595 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 4239 12 2.5 RE54091 228000-0844
1992 Engines 4239 12 2.5 RE59588 228000-0844
1992 Engines 4239 12 2.5 RE59595 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 4276 12 2.5 RE59595 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992 Engines 6329 12 2.5 RE59595 128000-8294 9712809-829
1992-1995 265 Lawn Mower (Front and Walk Behind), Lawn and Farm Tractor, Misc. Lawn Equipment FC540V　 12 0.7 AM104559, AM108615 128000-7940 9712809-794
1992-1996 Utility Vehicle / Mule XUV620i 12 0.7 MIA10971 228000-2213
1993 6076 12 4.0 RE54874 228000-2370
1993 Construction 400 Series 24 7.5 RE55641 228000-2390
1993 MR 12 4.0 RE54416 228000-2361
1994 6076 12 4.0 RE59583 228000-4690
1994 6076 12 4.0 RE59589 228000-4601
1994 6076 24 7.5 RE59584 228000-4730
1994 6076 24 7.5 RE59585 228000-4611
1994 6081 (450 Series) 12 4.0 RE65100 228000-4631
1995 6081 CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) 12 4.0 RE61406 228000-5280
1995-Up Blue Bird Bus 8.1L CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) 12 4.0 1839281 (Blue Bird) 228000-5463
1996 350 Series 12 4.0 RE70474 228000-6551
1996 4239, DP10, ZP13 12 2.7 RE68470 228000-6471
1996-1997 450 Series 24 7.5 RE69705 228000-6562
1997 350 24 7.5 RE501060 228000-7413
1997 350 Series 24 7.5 RE70475 228000-6572
1997 350 Series 24 7.5 RE70475 228000-6572
1997 590 24 7.5 RE500199 228000-7012
1997 6081 (450 Series) 12 4.0 RE69704 228000-6532
1997 7600 (350 Series) 12 4.0 RE70473 228000-6541
1997 Bluebird 6.8l CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) 12 4.0 228000-7491
1998 6466 12 4.0 228000-8083
1998 6466 12 4.0 228000-8083
2000-2002 Backhoe Loader/Skidder 12 4.0 RE504244 228000-9140
2006- Agricultural Machinery R5.0 6135 12 5.0 RE525468 428000-5530
2006- Combine R5.0 6135 12 5.0 RE534934 428000-5750
2006- Tractor R5.0 6090 12 5.0 RE520634 428000-3320
2006- Tractor R5.0 6090, 8330 12 5.0 RE528619 428000-4080

Cranking speed, compression, timing, and fuel volume.

The VE44 in the early CUmmins pick-ups really puts the fuel out under 600 PRM and advances the timing when cold. That's why you start looking for where it's sucking air if it takes more than 1 turn of the crank before it fires. When warm you often just bump the starter and they run.

Electronic engine controls can do that as well, but they have to wait for the booster pump to build rail pressure before they can fire properly on a common-rail set-up.