IH 484 burns my eyes-strong fuel smelling exhaust

Thank you to all who helped and chipped in with precious information regarding my new old tractor. I now know it is an International Harvester 484 with Perkins engine and Bosch pump.

I changed the old fuel and drained the filter and managed to crank it up using ether. It fired up and ran, didn't have any knocking or whining, idled around 650 and could go up to 2000+ however it was blowing a cluds of really strong fuel-smelling exhaust, so strong that it actually burned the back of my throat and my eyes when I stood on the ground.

I know it isn't a burning oil smell so I suspect it is either out of timing or something is up with injectors or the pump.

I already ordered a repair manual for it and it is suppose to be here next week(Can't wait!) in the mean time I wanted to pick your brains for some precious info and see if you guys can point me in the right direction with troubleshooting.

The tractor had two fuel filters which originally were plumbed in series but it was changed by previous owner where he fed the pump via single filter straight from tank. Also the original tank has rusted through so the tractor now has a boat tank strapped to the back.
Also return line from injectors was plumbed back to the supply line using a "T". I tried to take the return line off that "T" and feed it in to the coke bottle but it didn't change a thing. The fuel was barely coming out of return line

When I loosened up supply line from injectors so some fuel would escape the engine seemed to clear up some and produced less smoke - that's why I suspect it gets too much fuel.

Please advise on what would be a first thing to check.

Thank you !

South_MS

From the pictures you posted in the other thread (try to resize them to 640x480 next time please), it appears that tractor has been sitting for a LONG time.

Don't get too excited about how it runs or smokes right away. As long as the smoke isn't blue or white, and the oil pressure is good, run it for a while. You're not going to be sucking on the exhaust pipe.

Get yourself some PowerService diesel additive, or Diesel 9-1-1 in the red bottle. Dump about 3 times the recommended dose in the fuel tank. Find some work for it to do. Get it nice and warmed up a few times. These things sometimes clean themselves out.

That tractor has the exhaust out the bottom right.

If out the top you would not be in the exhaust
quite so much and may not notice the smell.

If you start any diesel in a shed it isn't long
and your eyes nose and throat will start burning.

It may be normal and may decrease when warmed up
good and moving.

Gary

That should be a D179 3 cylinder IH engine not a Perkins if it is a 484 IH.

(quoted from post at 05:22:14 06/15/12) That tractor has the exhaust out the bottom right.

If out the top you would not be in the exhaust
quite so much and may not notice the smell.

If you start any diesel in a shed it isn't long
and your eyes nose and throat will start burning.

It may be normal and may decrease when warmed up
good and moving.

Gary

Click to expand...

Is there any way on these pumps to lean out the fuel at least to some degree? The exhaust is really severe. Even with it pointed down if I am stopped for a moment I start feeling it then start tearing up. It isn't burning oil though. It smells like a diesel fuel. And there isn't a whole lot of blow-by coming from the tube on the bottom of the enging so I know compression is okay.

Of course I could always claim that those are tears of happiness from being on top of the old tractor but it would be lie... Well, half the lie :wink:

Diesels like to work, they like to run in their operating temperature.
As the previous poster said if the smoke isn't blue or white don't
worry, Change the oil and get some clean fuel in it and work it (plow,
generator, blower) whatever you got that'll put a load on her. After a
couple of hours she should smooth out and stop slobbering, if not you
might have some injector problems but I wouldn't get to worried until
I'd worked her a bit and got the tractor arthritis worked out of it

Before you start doing anything serious to the motor you need to get those fuel filter set up correctly. The manufacturer put a double filter there for a reason. Same goes for the fuel return line. Set it up as it should be. Running the pump leaner is unlikely to help you. If you want the pump reset, get someone with the right equipment to do it. Same for the injectors. Take them to a diesel place and get them overhauled. It isn't a cheap way to go, but far less costly than destroying a piston due to a dud injector. I work with Scania and Mercedes diesels. Bosch pumps are practically indestructible unless you do something really bad to them.
SadFarmall

Your pictures show a Neuss built engine, D-179
which is referred to as the German diesel. IH had
many, many service bulletins out about that eye
burning stinking engine. One guy even claimed his
cows got sick when he used that style engine in
the barn and was taking IH to task over it. So,
what they did was made a higher compression piston
and changed the injection nozzles to low sac
nozzle tip. The nozzle made for less dribble after
injection and the compression ratio raised the cyl
temp for more complete combustion under light or
no load conditions. You cannot lean out a diesel
as you do a gasoline engine BECAUSE the amount of
fuel you inject is what controls the speed of the
engine. When you make adjustments to the pump like
giving it more or less fuel you are adjusting the
limits of how much fuel it can deliver. In other
words, adjusting a stop for maximum movement.
Timing of injection effects smoke and running but
more than likely your problem is lack of heat, and
I don't mean coolant temp, I mean combustion
temperatures. Put it to work, and then see what
you have.

Take the original tank off, get it checked, it's likely full of gunk and leaked, the tank is steel, it can be repaired. Once the tank is good, hooking the original lines back up should be easy. I'm guessing the bypass was to make hooking the boat tank up easy.

Hi South_MS, I reviewed your photos again looking
at the injection pump and I think someone has
backed out the power screw on your injection pump
to the max so engine is probably being over
fueled.
The power screw is the front screw that the
STOP/START/RUN lever limits against. If your
STOP/START/RUN lever is working properly, don't
pull the lever all the way to the top of the slot
and the lever on the side of the pump will no
longer be limiting on the bottom front power
screw. That should make the D-179 run a little
leaner and clean up some smoke but you need to
give it a good hard workout.

JimB

(quoted from post at 19:27:37 06/15/12) Hi South_MS, I reviewed your photos again looking
at the injection pump and I think someone has
backed out the power screw on your injection pump
to the max so engine is probably being over
fueled.
The power screw is the front screw that the
STOP/START/RUN lever limits against. If your
STOP/START/RUN lever is working properly, don't
pull the lever all the way to the top of the slot
and the lever on the side of the pump will no
longer be limiting on the bottom front power
screw. That should make the D-179 run a little
leaner and clean up some smoke but you need to
give it a good hard workout.

JimB

Click to expand...

Folks,

Thank you so much for taking time and suggest a ways to get it going.
Today I found online that injectors need to have a return line hole pointed toward the valve cover. Mine were pointed toward outside. So I took the #1 injector out and found that it was covered by slimy black mud- looking residue, the entire injector assembly when I pulled it out looked like it was found in a mud and stuck in there. I cleaned it out, then reached in the injector seat with clean rag and wiped all the grime out. The injector body looked like it was subjected to the rust. Since I have no idea of the past of this tractor it is safe to suspect that injectors were messed with . The guy who gave the tractr to me told me that he had injectors rebuilt by some 'friend' of his.
Anyways I cleaned up injectors . Unfortunately I couldnt make a snapshot because didnt want make my camera all greasy and smelling like fuel. Cleaned injectors, put them back on with return line pointed toward valve cover. I didn't think it would make any sense but still, I asembled everything the way it was. Spun tractor over and it fired right up. I loosened up injector nuts some to bleed the air out and tightened everything up. Once engine warmed up I noticed much much less smoke compared to what it was. It still smokes some but I am guessing as some of you suggested once I give it a good workout it should clear up some.

I think I will need to start looking for a replacement injector asemblies to replace my eaten up ones.

I also wanted to run something by you experts out there.. Someone told me today that I should add some transmission fluid to the diesel fuel because he said nowdays the ultra low sulphur fuel that I get from the pump don't have any lubricant in it. Is it sound right ? I am skeptical about that statement. What's your thought?

South_Ms, yes the injection pump requires
additional additive to lube the front lip seal on
the injection pump drive shaft. If this seal fails
Diesel fuel will leak into the crankcase.
GM ATF is good at cleaning up the fuel system,
Someone on this post recommend a good commercial
Diesel fuel conditioners. My brother has 454 and
495 with D-179s and he just adds a couple of
tablespoons of crankcase oil every time he add
Diesel to the tractor.

Ask the previous owner if the injection pump was
ever removed and re-installed? The injection pump
could be out of time. When engine is warmed up a
properly timed D-179 will start in less of a rev
of the engine. If it kicks back on starter it is
timed to fast and if it requires many rev of
engine to start could be timed to slow.

Also the fuel tanks on those tractors are famous
for getting junk in the bottom and restricting
fuel flow. Only solution is to take the outlet out
of both sides of the tank, drain tank and clean
out fuel lines.

JimB

I never gave that a thought but I have heard of that
happening before where the injection nozzles were
installed 180 degrees off like you described. It
sprays the fuel in the wrong direction inside the
cyl because the holes in tip are at a angle. . Most engines you cannot make that mistake but
on those engines it is possible. I am sure it will
run much better installed correctly.

Saw a similar situation on a 756 I overhauled. Sent pump and nozzles in for rebuild at the same time as engine was overhauled, and when I reassembled things, the engine had a light knock that sounded high up on #6.
I about tore my hair out on this until I swapped nozzles and found the problem to follow that nozzle assembly.

Not sure what the problem was, but my pump guy replaced the tip and problem went away. I am wondering now if maybe he did not have it aligned properly?